Main description:

Atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N) emissions, as an important component of global N cycle, have been significantly altered by anthropogenic activities, and consequently have had a global impact on air pollution and ecosystem services. Due to rapid agricultural, industrial, and urban development, China has been experiencing an increase in reactive N emissions and deposition since the late 1970s. Based on a literature review, this book summarizes recent research on: 1) atmospheric reactive N in China from a global perspective (Chapter 1); 2) atmospheric reactive N emissions, deposition and budget in China (Chapters 2-5); 3) the contribution of atmospheric reactive N to air pollution (e.g., haze, surface O3, and acid deposition) (Chapters 6-8); 4) the impacts of N deposition on sensitive ecosystems (e.g., forests, grasslands, deserts and lakes) (Chapters 9-12); and 5) the regulatory strategies for mitigation of atmospheric reactive N pollution from agricultural and non-agricultural sectors in China (Chapters 13-14). As such it offers graduate students, researchers, educators in agricultural, ecological and environmental sciences, and policy makers a glimpse of the environmental issues related to reactive N in China .

Contents:

Chapter 1 Introduction

(Prof. Xuejun Liu, China Agricultural University; Assoc. Prof. Enzai Du, Beijing Normal University)

Overview of recent progress on understanding of atmospheric reactive nitrogen emission, deposition and impacts worldwide and in China

Part I Reactive nitrogen emission and deposition in China

Chapter 2 Spatial-temporal variations in NH3, NOx and SO2 emissions

(Prof. Yu Song, Peking University & Prof. Qiang Zhang, Tsinghua University)

- Emission sources

- Method overview

- Spatial-temporal patterns

Chapter 3 Monitoring nitrogen deposition in China

(Prof. Xuejun Liu, China Agricultural University; Assoc. Prof. Enzai Du, Beijing Normal University; Dr. Wen Xu, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Assoc. Prof. Yuepeng Pan, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Assoc. Prof. Jianlin Shen, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

- Measurement methods of atmospheric reactive N concentration and deposition (including biomonitoring)< and uncertainties

- Development of ground-level and satellite monitoring networks

- Nitrogen deposition in mainland China (Inorganic vs organic; wet vs dry, source analysis)

- Nitrogen deposition in coastal seas (Inorganic vs organic; wet vs dry, source analysis)

- Uncertainty analysis of monitoring results

Chapter 4 Modelling nitrogen deposition in China

(Prof. Lin Zhang, Peking University & Prof. Xuemei Wang, Sun Yat-sen University)

- Recent development of atmospheric deposition simulation

- Modelling N deposition in China

- Uncertainty analysis of N deposition simulation

Chapter 5 Reactive nitrogen budgets in China

(Prof. Baojing Gu, Zhejiang University)

- Background and methodology

- Flow analysis of nitrogen budgets in China

- Atmospheric reactive nitrogen in national nitrogen budget

Part II Contribution of atmospheric reactive nitrogen to China's air pollution

Chapter 6 Contribution of atmospheric nitrogen to haze in China

(Prof. Song Guo, Peking University)

- Mechanism

- Assessment

- Mitigation measures of pollution control

Chapter 7 Contribution of atmospheric nitrogen on ozone pollution in China

(Prof. Zhaozhong Feng, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

- Mechanism

- Assessment

- Mitigation measures of pollution control

Chapter 8 Contribution of atmospheric nitrogen to acid rain in China

(Prof. Lei Duan, Tsinghua University & Assoc. Prof. Enzai Du, Beijing Normal University)

- Mechanism

- Assessment: contribution to acid deposition and soil acidification

- Mitigation measures of pollution control

Part III Impacts of nitrogen deposition on China's ecosystems

Chapter 9 Impact of nitrogen deposition on China's forest ecosystems

(Assoc. Prof. Enzai Du, Beijing Normal University & Assoc. Prof. Xiankai Lu, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

-Overview of nitrogen enrichment experiments in China's forests

- Impacts on nutrient cycling

- Impacts on soil acidification

- Impacts on carbon cycling

- Impacts on biodiversity loss

Chapter 10 Impact of nitrogen deposition on China's grassland ecosystems

(Prof. Jinsheng He, Peking University & Assoc. Prof. Li Kaihui, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS)

- Overview of nitrogen enrichment experiments in China's grassland

- Impacts on nutrient cycling

- Impacts on carbon cycling

- Impacts on biodiversity loss

Chapter 11 Impact of nitrogen deposition on China's desert ecosystems

(Assoc. Prof. Xiaobing Zhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

- Impacts on nutrient cycling

- Impacts on carbon cycling

- Impacts on biodiversity loss

Chapter 12 Impact of nitrogen deposition on cropland ecosystems

(Prof. Xuejun Liu & Fusuo Zhang, China Agricultural University)

- Impacts on nutrient cycling

- Impacts on soil acidification

- Impacts on crop productivity

Chapter 13 Impact of nitrogen deposition on marine ecosystems

(Prof. Huiwang Gao, Ocean University of China)

- eutrophication,

- nutrient and carbon cycling

- species biodiversity

Part IV Management and policy implications

Chapter 14 National regulation of NOx and SO2 emissions

(Prof. Zhao Yu, Nanjing University)

- Overview of NOx and SO2 emissions in China

- Methods to reduce NOx and SO2 emissions

- Policy implications

Chapter 15 Nitrogen regulation in agricultural systems

(Prof. Xuejun Liu & Fusuo Zhang, China Agricultural University)

- Overview of nitrogen use in China's agricultural systems

- Methods to improve nitrogen use efficiency in China's agricultural systems

- Policy implications

Chapter 16 Risk management and adaptations in natural ecosystems

(Prof. Lei Duan, Tsinghua University)

- Overview of negative effects of nitrogen deposition on China's natural ecosystems

- Methods of critical loads

- Assessment of critical loads in China's natural ecosystems

- Policy implications

Chapter 17 Concluding remarks and outlook of future research

(Prof. Xuejun Liu, China Agricultural University & Assoc. Prof. Enzai Du, Beijing Normal University)

- Future research needs in emission assessment

- Future research needs in deposition assessment

- Future research needs in air pollution effects

- Future research needs in ecological impacts

- Concluding remarks