Published November, 2014
By Helmut Konig, Harald Claus, Ajit Varma and Helmut Koenig
Publisher: Springer (Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K)
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Microbial cell wall structures play a significant role in maintaining cells' shape, as protecting layers against harmful agents, in cell adhesion and in positive and negative biological activities with host cells.

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Published November, 2014
By Alberto Mantovani and Subhra K. Biswas
Publisher: Springer (Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
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Macrophages are a key component of the innate immune system and play an integral role in host defense and homeostasis. Thus, macrophages are extremely versatile cells that can respond efficiently to tissue micro environmental cues by polarizing to distinct phenotypes, depending on the functions they need to perform.

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Published November, 2014
By Friedrich Koch-Nolte
Publisher: Springer (Springer International Publishing AG)
Series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
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Published November, 2014
By Arie Ordentlich, Avigdor Shafferman and Baruch Velan
Publisher: Springer
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The OHOLO conferences are sponsored by the Israel Institute for Biological Research and take their name from the site of the ?rst meeting on the shores of Lake Kinnereth. The present 46th OHOLO Conference marks the resumption of the OHOLO tradition after 8 years of interruption caused by events beyond our control.

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Published November, 2014
By Kenn Gerdes
Publisher: Springer (Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K)
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Toxin - antitoxin (TA) genes were discovered on plasmids 30 years ago. TA genes code for an antitoxin that combine with and neutralize a cognate toxin. However, recent observations indicate that TA genes contribute cumulatively to the persistence of bacteria.

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Published November, 2014
By Stacey Schultz-Cherry
Publisher: Springer (Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
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new information on how astroviruses induce disease including the expression of a viral enterotoxin regulating intestinal epithelial cell tight junctions, the isolation and identification of new astrovirus genotypes in mammals including humans, and astroviruses of veterinary importance.

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Published November, 2014
By Anthony R.M. Coates
Publisher: Springer (Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K)
Series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
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Published November, 2014
By Xiaoyuan Wang, Jian Chen and Peter Quinn
Publisher: Springer
Series: Subcellular Biochemistry
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Metabolic engineering has been developed over the past 20 years to become an important tool for the rational engineering of industrial microorganisms. The overall goal is to achieve a better understanding of the metabolism in different microorganisms, and provide a rational basis to reprogram microorganisms for improved biochemical production.

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Published November, 2014
By Mark Lyte, Primrose P.E. Freestone and Primrose P E Freestone
Publisher: Springer (Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
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Published November, 2014
By Alain Filloux and Juan L. Ramos
Publisher: Springer
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On the ?rst row of the auditorium sat a group of outstanding scientists in the ?eld, who after devoting much of their valuable time, contributed in an exceptional manner to the ?rst three volumes of the series, which saw the light simultaneously.

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