Main description:

This book is based upon a previous work published in 1983 (Radiology of the Ear). Since that date. the most important advance in the imaging of the petromastoid has been the application of magnetic resonance scanning. especially when combined with the use of the recently introduced paramagnetic contrast agent. Gadolinium DTP A. Although computerised tom- ography remains the dominant investigation in this field. magnetic resonance is becoming increasingly important. The account which follows is an attempt to summarise present knowledge in this division of otorhinolaryngology imaging. The format of the chapters has been retained from the original work. with an initial account of imaging techniques and normal anatomy followed by chapters on congenital ear disease. trauma. inflammatory disease and neoplasia. Acoustic neuroma is given a separate section and there are two final chapters on vertigo and otosclerosis. The authors are deeply indebted to their surgical colleagues for cooperation and help in the preparation of the text and their readiness to allow access to clinical material. In this respect. we are particularly indebted to Professor Ronald Hinchcliffe. who has written the Foreword.
We are greatly indebted to Dr. Hermann Wilbrand ofUppsala. Sweden. for some line drawings and to Drs. Anthony Lloyd and David Beale. Consultant Neuroradiologists at the Walsgrave Hospital. Coventry. for several radiographs. including many of the angiograms and MR scans.

Contents:

1 Radiological Methods of Investigation of the Petrous Bone and Mastoid Processes.- Plain X-ray Examination.- Lateral View.- Oblique Postero-anterior View (Stenvers Projection).- Half-axial (Towne's) View.- Axial or Submento-vertical View.- Transorbital View.- View for the Jugular Foramen.- Pluridirectional Tomography.- General Considerations.- Coronal Sections.- Modified Coronal Sections.- Lateral Hypocycloidal Tomography.- Computerised Tomography.- High Resolution Thin Section CT.- Limiting Factors for High Resolution CT.- Other Problems with CT of the Temporal Bone.- Radiation Dose.- Normal CT Scanning of the Temporal Bone.- Magnetic Resonance.- Angiography.- Digital Angiography.- Embolisation Techniques.- References.- 2 Anatomy and Development of the Ear.- Development in the Embryo.- The Temporal Bone.- Pneumatisation of the Mastoid.- The Inner Ear.- Cochlear Aqueduct.- Vestibular Aqueduct.- The Middle Ear Cavity.- The Carotid Canal.- Aberrant Internal Carotid Artery.- Jugular Fossa.- Facial Nerve.- Labyrinthine Part.- Tympanic Part.- Mastoid or Descending Part.- The Auditory Ossicles.- References.- 3 Imaging Investigation of Congenital Deafness.- Historical Review of Congenital Deafness due to Malformations of the Temporal Bone and their Investigations.- Inner Ear.- Internal Auditory Meatus (IAM).- Major Deformities of the Labyrinth.- Congenital Deformities of the Labyrinth associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Fistula.- Perilabyrinthine Fistulae.- Translabyrinthine Fistulae.- Labyrinthine Dysplasia associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula.- Lesions of the Cochlea.- Mondini Deformity.- Lesions of the Vestibule and Semicircular Canals.- Abnormality of the Vestibular Aqueduct.- Middle Ear.- External Auditory Meatus (EAM).- Facial Nerve.- Abnormal Development.- Regime for Investigation.- References.- 4 Syndromes with Congenital Hearing Loss.- Otocranio-facial Syndromes.- Cranio-facial Microsomia.- Mandibulo-facial Dysostosis (Treacher Collins Syndrome).- Cryptophthalmos Syndrome.- Waardenberg's Syndrome.- Familial Mixed Deafness with Branchial Arch Defects (Earpits Deafness Syndrome).- Anencephaly.- Otocervical Syndromes.- Klippel-Feil Syndrome.- Cleidocranial Dysostosis.- Otofacial-cervical Syndrome.- Sprengel Shoulder.- Otoskeletal Syndromes (Bone Dysplasias).- Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Van der Hoeve's Syndrome).- Dysplasia with Increase in Bone Density.- Kniest Syndrome (Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita).- Orofacial Digital Syndrome Type II (Mohr Syndrome).- Otopalato-digital Syndrome.- Chromosome Abnormalities with Ear Malformations.- Chromosome Deletion: 4p-Wolf-Hirshorn Syndrome.- Autosomal Trisomy.- Ear Abnormalities with Endocrine Disorders.- Pendred Syndrome.- Drug-induced Ear Malformations.- Thalidomide Embryopathy.- Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's Disease).- The CHARGE Association.- Conclusion.- References.- 5 Traumatic Lesions of the Temporal Bone.- Technique.- Classification of Fractures.- Longitudinal Fractures.- Transverse Fractures.- Complications of Petromastoid Fractures.- Trauma to the Ossicles.- Massive Incus Displacement.- Dislocation of the Malleus.- Facial Nerve Injury.- Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak.- Foreign Bodies in the Ear.- References.- 6 Inflammatory Diseases of the Temporal Bone.- Acute Otitis Media.- Acute Mastoiditis.- Masked (Latent) Mastoiditis.- Acute Petrositis.- Acute Infections in Infants.- Chronic Otitis Media.- Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media.- Non-suppurative (Secretory) Otitis Media.- Adhesive Otitis Media.- Chronic Otitis Media due to Specific Organisms.- Complications of Middle-ear Infection.- Labyrinthitis.- Facial Palsy.- Lateral (Sigmoid) Sinus Thrombophlebitis.- Intracranial Complications.- Malignant Otitis Externa.- Imaging Investigation.- References.- 7 Cholesteatoma.- Congenital Cholesteatoma.- Cholesteatoma with Congenital Ear Deformity.- Primary Congenital Cholesteatoma.- Acquired Cholesteatoma.- Cholesteatoma in Children.- Invasion of the Labyrinth by Cholesteatoma.- Investigation.- Imaging the Post-operative Ear.- References.- 8 Tumours of the Middle Ear and Petrous Temporal Bone.- Benign Neoplasms.- Osteoma.- Giant-cell Tumours.- Chondroma.- Chordoma.- Haemangioma.- Glomus Tumours.- Differential Diagnosis of Middle Ear Masses Mimicking a Glomus Tumour.- Neuromas.- Meningioma.- Adenoma.- Malignant Neoplasms.- Carcinoma.- Sarcoma.- Metastatic Tumours.- Extension from Adjacent Sites.- Myeloma.- Histiocytosis X.- Xanthoma.- References.- 9 Lesions of the Internal Auditory Meatus and Posterior Cranial Fossa: the Investigation and Differential Diagnosis of Acoustic Neuroma.- Internal Auditory Meatus (IAM).- Acquired Disease.- Cerebellopontine Angle.- Neurovascular Anatomy of the I AM and Cerebello-pontine Angle.- Acoustic Neuroma.- Pathogenesis.- Clinical Features.- Computerised Tomography with Intravenous Contrast.- Air CT Meatography.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- Magnetic Resonance with Enhancement by Gadolinium DTPA (GdMR).- Vertebral Angiography.- Differential Diagnosis of Acoustic Neuroma.- Conclusion.- References.- 10 Radiology of Vertigo.- Peripheral Vertigo.- Meniere's Disease.- Large Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome.- Vertigo as a Complication of Otitis Media.- Cholesteatoma.- Tumours in the Petrous Bone.- Trauma.- Otosclerosis and Stapedectomy.- Central Vertigo.- Cervical Vertigo.- References.- 11 Otosclerosis and Bone Dysplasias. Cochlear Implants.- Otosclerosis.- Imaging Assessment.- Sodium Fluoride Therapy.- Paget's Disease (Osteitis Deformans).- Fibrous Dysplasia.- Imaging Assessment.- Cochlear Implants.- References.