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Main description:
In his 1894 book, Materials for the Study of Variation, William Bateson coined the term Homoeosis with the following prose: The case of the modification of the antenna of an insect into a foot, of the eye of a Crustacean into an antenna, of a petal into a stamen, and the like, are examples of the same kind. It is desirable and indeed necessary that such Variations, which consist in the assumption by one member of a Meristic series, of the form or characters proper to other members of the series, should be recognized as constituting a distinct group of phenomena. ...I therefore propose...the term HOMOEOSIS...; for the essential phenomenon is not that there has merely been a change, but that something has been changed into the likeness of something else. The book was intended as a listing of the kinds of naturally occurring variation that could act as a substrate for the evolutionary process and Bateson took his examples from collections, both private and in museums, of materials displaying morphological oddities. Interestingly the person who also coined the term "Genetics" proffered little in the way of speculation on the possible genetic underpinnings of these oddities. It wasn't until the early part of the next century that these changes in meristic series were shown to be heritable.
Contents:
Section I. Mechanisms of Activity
1. Regulation of Hox Activity: Insights from Protein Motifs
Samir Merabet, Nagraj Sambrani, Jacques Pradel and Yacine Graba
Abstract
Introduction
The Homeodomain
The Hexapeptide Motif
Additional Hox Functional Motifs
Conclusion
2. Cis?Regulation in the Drosophila Bithorax Complex
Robert K. Maeda and Francois Karch
Abstract
Genetics of the Bithorax Complex: The Model of Ed Lewis
The BX?C Encodes Only Three Genes, Ubx, abd?A and Abd?B
The Segment?Specific Functions Act as Segment/Parasegment?Specific Enhancers
Initiation and Maintenance Phase in BX?C Regulation
Initiation, Maintenance and Cell Type?Specific Elements within the Cis?Regulatory Domain
The Cis?Regulatory Regions Are Organized in Segment?Specific
Chromosomal Domains
Chromatin Boundaries Flank the Parasegment?Specific Domains
Elements Mediating Long?Distance Cis- and Trans- Regulatory Interactions
Transvection Studies
Promoter Targeting Sequences
Promoter Tethering Element
Intergenic Transcription in the BX?C
MicroRNAs in the BX?C
Conclusion
3. Maintenance of Hox Gene Expression Patterns
Samantha Beck, Floria Faradji, Hugh Brock and Frederique Peronnet
Abstract
Introduction
Genetics of PcG and trxG Genes
PcG Proteins and their Complexes
TrxG Proteins and Their Complexes
ETP Proteins
PcG and trxG Response Elements
Recruitment of Maintenance Proteins to Maintenance Elements
Role of Maintenance Proteins in Regulation of Transcription
Epigenetic Marks
Release of PcG Silencing
Role of PcG proteins in Chromatin Replication
Role of PcG Proteins in Stem Cells
Future Research in the Field
4. Control of Vertebrate Hox Clusters by Remote and Global Cis?Acting Regulatory Sequences
Francois Spitz
Abstract
Introduction
Colinearity and Clustering of the Homeotic Genes: An Obligatory Functional Link?
Vertebrate Hox Clusters are More Clustered Than Others
Global Regulation of the Complex through Shared Mechanisms: The Retinoic Acid Connection
High?OrderStructures Over the Complex and Colinearity
Control of Vertebrate Hox Genes by Shared Internal Enhancers
The Ins and Outs of Hoxd Gene Regulation
The Role of the Flanking Regions in the Control of Vertebrate Hox Genes
Control of the HoxD Cluster through Remote Enhancers
Regulation of the HoxD Cluster and More: Global Control Regions and Regulatory Landscapes
Remote Enhancers for the Other Vertebrate Hox Clusters?
An Evolutionary Success Story and an Increasing Need for a Global Regulation
Conclusion and Outlook for Hox Gene Regulation in the 21st Century
Section II. Evolution of Hox Genes and Complexes
5. The Early Evolution of Hox Genes: A Battle of Belief?
Bernd Schierwater and Kai Kamm
Abstract
The Hox System
Phylogenetic Evidence
Opposing Views
Conclusion
6. Evolution of Hox Complexes
David E.K. Ferrier
Abstract
Introduction
Origin of the ProtoHox Gene
Origin of the Hox Cluster from a ProtoHox Cluster, or Not?
Expansion and Contraction of the Number of Hox Genes in Evolution
Conclusion
7. The Nematode Story: Hox Gene Loss and Rapid Evolution
Aziz Aboobaker and Mark Blaxter
Abstract
Introduction: Hox Gene Loss, the Third Way
The Caenorhabditis elegans Hox Cluster, an Extreme Case of Gene Loss
Tracing Hox Gene Loss through the Nematode Phylum: Mode and Tempo
Sea Squirts and Nematodes: Why Do Both Groups Lose Hox Genes
Hox Gene Loss in Flagrante
Nematode Hox Gene Function: A Story of Novelty, Conservation and Redeployment
Conclusion
8. Are the Deuterostome Posterior Hox Genes a Fast?Evolving Clas?
Robert Lanfear
Abstract
The Distribution of the Posterior Hox genes in the Metazoa
Early Duplications of the Posterior Hox Genes
The 'Deuterostome Posterior Flexibility' Hypothesis
The Mechanistic Basis of Deuterostome Posterior Flexibility
Conclusion and Future Directions
Section III. Biological Function
9. Hox Genes and the Body Plans of Chelicerates and Pycnogonids
Wim G.M. Damen
Abstract
Arthropods, Mandibulates vs Chelicerates
Chelicerate Hox
PRODUCT DETAILS
Publisher: Springer (Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
Publication date: May, 2010
Pages: 190
Weight: 471g
Availability: Available
Subcategories: General Issues, Genetics
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