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Main description:
It is clear that the melanocortins are of immense academic interest. Further, these molecules have remarkable potential as pharmaceutical agents for treatment of multiple human and veterinary disorders and diseases. The evidence to support academic interest and clinical applications lies in significant part within the chapters of this book, chapters written by noted experts in the field who have worked diligently to understand the molecules and to move them toward clinical applications. I personally believe that the - MSH molecule and its derivatives will be used as routine therapeutics in the very near future. My belief is so strong that I left academia to form a company based on -MSH analogs and have caused millions of dollars to be spent on melanocortin research. Now why would a sane professor pick up such a challenge and enter business, an essential step toward any clinical application? It is the - MSH story that drove me. Consider that - MSH occurs in exactly the same amino acid sequence in humans and in the sea lamprey, an organism unchanged since its appearance during the Pennsylvanian period of the Paleozoic era (about 300 million years ago-way before dinosaurs were to be considered). There is unpublished evidence that the stability of the molecule can be traced back a half billion years. Frankly, I believe that the molecule existed even when single cells began to live together.
Contents:
1. Structure?Activity Relationships (SAR) of Melanocortin and Agouti?Related (AGRP) Peptides
Anamika Singh, Erica M. Haslach and Carrie Haskell?Luevano
Abstract
Introduction
Structure and Chemistry of Melanocortin Peptides
Structure?Activity Relationships (SAR)
Agouti?Related Protein (AGRP)
Development of Chimeric Peptide Analogues
Conclusion
2. Melanocortin Signalling Mechanisms
Paula C. Eves and John W. Haycock
Abstract
Introduction
Melanocortin Receptors
Melanocortins and Pigmentation
Melanocortin Anti?Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Roles
Intracellular Signalling of Melanocortin Peptides
Melanocortin Receptor Antagonists and Agonists
Conclusion
3. Distribution and Function of Melanocortin Receptors within the Brain
Kathleen G. Mountjoy
Abstract
Introduction
MC1R Is Expressed in the Periaqueductal Gray and the MC1R Regulates Pain
and Analgesia
MC2R Is Expressed in Teleost Fish Brain and Fetal Mouse Brain, but Not
in Adult Mammalian Brain
MC3R Is Specifically Expressed in Hypothalamus and the Limbic System
Where Its Functions Are Not Clearly Understood
MC4R Is Expressed in Distinct Nuclei in Every Region of the Brain Reflecting
It's Many Diverse Functions in the Brain
MC5R Expression and Function in the Brain Is Unclear
Melanocortin Receptor Accessory Proteins (MRAPs)
Conclusion
4. Drugs, Exercise, and the Melanocortin?4 Receptor-Different Means, Same Ends: Treating Obesity
Jay W. Schaub, Erin B. Bruce, and Carrie Haskell?Luevano
Abstract
Introduction
Melanocortins
Exercise
Conclusion
5. Melanocortins in Brain Inflamation: The Role of Melanocortin Receptor Subtypes
Ruta Muceniece and Maija Dambrova
Abstract
Introduction
Distribution of MC Expressing Neurons and MC Receptors in the Brain
MCR Subtypes and Brain Inflammation
Main Intracellular Signalling Pathways of MC Receptors
Potential Therapeutic Applications of MC Receptor Subtype Selective
Compounds
Conclusion
6. Melanocortins and the Cholinergic Anti?Inflamatory Pathway
DanielaGiuliani, Alessandra Ottani, Domenica Altavilla, Carla Bazzani,
Francesco Squadrito and Salvatore Guarini
Abstract
Introduction
The Inflammatory Reflex
Antishock Effects of Melanocortins
Melanocortins Reverse Circulatory Shock through Activation of the Cholinergic Anti?Inflammatory Pathway
Protective Effect of Melanocortins in Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion
Melanocortins Prevent Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion?Induced Damage
through Activation of the Cholinergic Anti?Inflammatory Pathway
Neuroprotection by Melanocortins in Ischemic Stroke
Melanocortins Produce Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Stroke by Activating the Cholinergic Anti?Inflammatory Pathway
Conclusion
7. Melanocortin Control of Cell Traficking in Vascular Inflamation
Hetal B. Patel, Giovanna Leoni, Trinidad Montero Melendez, Andre L.F. Sampaio and Mauro Perretti
Abstract
Introduction
Inflammation: Cell Trafficking and Microcirculation
Melancortins in Experimental Inflammation
Effects of Melanocortins on Inflammatory Cells In Vitro
Lessons from Melanocortin Knockout Mice
Drug Discovery Melanocortin Peptide Pharmacology
Conclusion
8. Terminal Signal: Anti?Inflamatory Efects of ??Melanocyte?Stimulating Hormone Related Peptides Beyond the Pharmacophore
Thomas Brzoska, Markus Boehm, Andreas Lugering, Karin Loser and Thomas A. Luger
Abstract
Introduction
??MSH Related Peptides and Melanocortin Receptors-Mediation of Anti?Inflammatory Effects?
Anti?Inflammatory Effects of ??MSH Related Tripeptides In Vitro and Vivo
Therapeutic Potential of ??MSH?Related Tripeptides in Human
Immune?Mediated Inflammatory Diseases
Conclusion
9. Protective Efects of Melanocortins in Systemic Host Reactions
Stefano Gatti, Caterina Lonati, Andrea Sordi and Anna Catania
Abstract
Introduction
Fever
Endotoxemia and Septic Shock
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
Organ Transplantation
Conclusion
10. Development of ??Melanocortin Analogs for Melanoma
PRODUCT DETAILS
Publisher: Springer (Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
Publication date: May, 2010
Pages: 170
Weight: 495g
Availability: Available
Subcategories: General Issues
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